Labeling theorists Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Labeling theorists - Research Paper Example The use of word such as criminal, thief or felon influences deviant behavior of individuals an aspect that result to increasing cases of crimes in the society. Based on its argument that the criminal justice system is limited in its effort to restrain unlawful conduct, the labeling theory has been criticized for its failure to explain serious offences that occur in the society. Some individuals indicate that by terming other people as criminals is not appropriate and the labeling theorists should use specific words such as rapists, murderer or child abuser (Mann et al, 1999). On its part, the cultural deviance theory indicates that the cause of criminal behaviors among the lower class is due to conformity to the prevailing cultural norms. On their part, the individuals in the working class commit criminal activities in their efforts to respond to cultural norms within their own class. Apart from the labeling theory and cultural deviance theory, this paper seeks to discuss another the ory than tends to avoid stereotyping individuals in the criminal justice system. Strain theory on its part indicates that a crime is a function of the conflict between the objectives that are focused by individuals and the strategies they can adopt to legally achieve them. The theory indicates that ones class plays a major role in obtaining their goals which are the same for all people. As the result, individuals at the lower class, feel anger, resentment and experience frustration an aspect referred to as strain (Piquero and Miriam, 2000). Strain can either be structural or individual. Structural strain indicates the process within the society that affect the way one sees his or her wants. For example lack of adequate regulations or social structures may result to change of ones perceptions. On the other hand, individual strains entail the pains and frictions that are experienced by individuals in their efforts to look for ways to satisfy them. Once the lower class members

Data Analysis Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Data Analysis Project - Assignment Example Additionally, the study applied a chi-square test to analyze the relationship between the ownership of a vehicle and the visiting of an outside facility besides the SU facilities. The results show that there are no relationships between gender & exercising once a week, and cigarette smoking & gender. Additionally, the results showed that there are substantial examples of associations between gender and the type of exercise, gender and the frequency of exercising, being a member or not of an athletic team and the rating as well as satisfaction of participants using the SU facilities. Major disparities in the results show that, although gender determines the type of exercise chosen, there are no major relationships between the frequency of attendance and the choice of attending exercise sessions once a week. The measurement tool for this research is a questionnaire comprising of 6 questions for this section of the study which seeks to analyze the data on exercise habits and it relates one variable with another. The data set considered three types of question types comprising of multiple and closed-ended questions. For the multiple choice questions, the participants were expected to select any of the answers that suit them best. For the closed-ended questions, only answers such as ‘Yes’ and ‘No’ were allowed as this would make part of the numerical data analysis. Through the representation of results as ‘yes’ or ‘no’, numerically this can be presented logically as 1s and 0s for every ‘yes’ and ‘no’ respectively. In this case, questions that require ‘yes’ or ‘no’ answers provided the independent variables that other items on the variable list depended on. For instance, the questionnaire requires participants to indicate their sex. In this case, each male case is denoted as a 1 and every female participant is indicated as a 0. In this